The 4^th term of the Language Change and Language Variation Research Unit was established with 46 people as its members.

The 8^th workshop of the Language Change and Language Variation Research Unit was held.

The 7^th workshop of the Language Change and Language Variation Research Unit was held for two days.

Tohoku University Research Program (Frontier Research Duo (FRiD)), titled “Understanding the brain mechanism of language computation from analyzing the communication signals of birds,” started as a five-year project. The principal researcher of this project is Kentaro Abe at the Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, and Yoshiki Ogawa and Kentaro Inui have joined the project as collaborative researchers.

ILCAA Joint Research Project of Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, titled

“Exploration into the Mechanism of Language Change and Variation through the Dialogue between Theoretical Linguistics, Linguistic Typology, and Quantitative Linguistics,” (jrp000271) started as a three-year project.

The 6^th workshop of the Language Change and Language Variation Research Unit was held for two days.

Yoshiki Ogawa, Yasuaki Ishizaki and Hirofumi Aoki published a co-authored book titled Bunpooka, Goika, Koubunka [Grammaticalization, Lexicalization and Constructionalization] from Kaitakusha, Japan.

Yoshiki Ogawa’s edited book『コーパスからわかる言語変化・変異と言語理論2』[Language Changes and Language Variations Uncovered from Corpora and Linguistic Theories 2] was published from kaitakusha, Japan. This book compiled three articles (single-authored or cu-authored) by Yoshiki Ogawa.

Yoshiki Ogawa and Reijiro Shibasaki (supervised translation) 『言語はどのように変化するのか』 [How Languages Change] (the translation of Joan Bybee’s book titled Language Change, Cambridge University Press）was published from Kaitakusha, Japan.

Yoshiki Ogawa made a presentation of an article co-authored with Keiyu Niikuni and Yuichi Wada at the 8^th Workshop on Nominalization (JENom #8), held at University of Stuttgart (Germany) on 21-22, June, 2019. Part of this work has been published from a journal Zeitschrift für Wortbildung / Journal of Word Formation, Volume 4, Number .

The 5^th workshop of the Language Change and Language Variation Research Unit was held for two days.